WHAT IF UNAUTHORIZED IMMIGRANTS ARE LEGALIZED IN THE UNITED STATES, SHOULD THEY GET A "PATH TO CITIZENSHIP"?



By Peter J. Spiro, 2020; The Oxford Handbook of Citizenship, 2018; Diego Acosta, 2018; Nils A. Butenschon et al.,2000; Samuel P. Huntington’s 2005; Patrick Weil, 1789


Will illegal immigrants be granted a "pathway to citizenship" if they get legal status in the United States? The United States has been mired in fierce immigration policy fights over the status of a vast, long-standing population of illegal immigrants, estimated to number eleven to thirteen million individuals. The issue is whether this group's or a part of its immigration status should be regularised so that they may achieve residence and real representation in the political system. Recent amendments will raise the threshold even higher, making it impossible for grantees to achieve permanent resident status and a normal route to citizenship immediately soon (five years in most cases). A 2013 bipartisan attempt by the so-called Gang of Eight (senators from both parties working to break a legislative impasse on substantial immigration reform) would have offered illegal immigrants provisional legal status. These awardees may have been eligible for permanent residency only after paying back taxes, demonstrating employment experience in the United States, and teaching English and civics. As a consequence, the plan made some citizenship requirements an impediment to permanent residence. The most recent significant initiative to legalise unauthorised immigrants was the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. It established a limiting precedent by requiring permanent residence applicants to show that they were "pursuing a course of study to satisfy" the English and civics criteria. The current discussion cycle will set more restrictive criteria. Some further suggested that legalisation should make naturalisation impossible, indicating that beneficiaries should be denied any path to citizenship. This implies the presence of a "permanent noncitizen resident" population made up of legalised undocumented immigrants. According to polls, the notion has some support, even among prospective recipients. This is not surprising. Unauthorized immigrants are more worried about their insecure work and appearance situation. Permanent noncitizenship, on the other hand, will endanger American political system by establishing permanent second-class status. It cannot be utilised as part of an immigration reform. However, the route to citizenship is likely to be long. The substance of permanent noncitizen status is less alien in certain other countries. When the Soviet Union disintegrated, ethnic Russian settlers on the land in Latvia were unable to petition for citizenship and were classed as noncitizen inhabitants (including a passport as such). Immigrants were able to use social services in nations with formerly onerous citizenship requirements, such as Germany; they were only denied political rights.


References:

1. CITIZENSHIP, WHAT EVERYONE NEEDS TO KNOW by Peter J. Spiro


2. Amanda Bartel on Unsplash


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