WHAT IS THE SO-CALLED CITIZENSHIP TEST FOR US NATURALIZATION?


By Peter J. Spiro, 2020; The Oxford Handbook of Citizenship, 2018; Diego Acosta, 2018; Nils A. Butenschon et al.,2000; Samuel P. Huntington’s 2005; Patrick Weil, 1789


"Think about one branch of government." Where will the presidential election take place?


What is the total number of Supreme Court justices?


Who did the United States fight in World War II?


What was Martin Luther King Jr.'s legacy?


What is the name of the member of Congress?


What stops one branch of government from becoming too powerful?


Whose ocean is on the East Coast of the United States?


These are only a few of the hundred questions that each US citizenship candidate must answer from a pool of 10. Six of the 10 correct responses meet the civics requirement.


Naturalization candidates in the United States are required by law to do the following:


"show a grasp and knowledge of the underpinnings of American history, as well as its ideals and governance structure."


Congress introduced the civics clause in 1950, and courts often questioned applicants during the naturalisation oath about their comprehension of basic principles.


In theory, a naturalisation test may examine social integration and ability to participate properly in the democratic system. It may also act as a kind of rite of passage, with naturalising persons experiencing a sense of satisfaction after completing the process successfully.


The new US test, on the other hand, is primarily rote memory exercise. One may satisfy the criterion even if they have little understanding of US history or government. Aside from fundamental geography, the official study guide includes concise solutions to more complex questions. ("Checks and balances" is the proper solution to the question of what keeps one branch of government from becoming too strong.)


For decades, critics have decried the implementation of the civics requirement, and in the 1990s and early 2000s, the immigration office convened advisory committees to recommend a revision of the test. Finally, the 2006 version tinkered around the edges while preserving the sample question/short answer format.


Any questions were changed, but only slightly. A question regarding Patrick Henry was deleted, and a question on Benjamin Franklin was added in its place.


People with learning disabilities or behavioural issues are exempt from the civics requirement.


"It is a disincentive to some potential applicants." Although the questions seem straightforward, especially because they are published ahead of time, taking any sort of examination may be intimidating for newcomers with inadequate knowledge.


A persistent rumour that failing will result in expulsion isn't helping. As required by law, applicants over the age of 65 who have resided in the United States for at least twenty years are examined on a subset of the one hundred sample inquiries.


Those who have had their language requirement waived may take the test in their native language.

References:

1. Photo by Alissa De Leva on Unsplash


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